One thing I am confused about as of late is how to adjust the timing and/or intensity so that the hair comes out intact (with the bulb and sheath, right now I seem to be getting a lot of hairs that come out easily but the bulb and/or sheath end up breaking off inside the follicle just under the surface of the skin.) My first reaction is to just increase everything, HF, time and number of pulses.

I am curious then, can overtreating a hair, with the intensity and/or timing too high, actually cause a hair to be more difficult to tweeze out of the follicle?

Baseline setting, for 45 ul size arm hair - 90% HF 0.050s, +/1 20% and/or 0.020s, 5 pulses per hair.

No need to go nuclear here. Usually, you only need to increase the power just a little. You are probably going so high that you are singing the hair, and or breaking the hair off by burning it inside the follicle. With the better machines, one can burn hairs without the subject of your tender mercies feeling the kind of pain that an old Kree would when doing a proper treatment.

In this case, you are using blend, so increase your galvanic power, not the timeing. Do that first, and see how that works.

I am using microflash thermo now, which is why the HF is so high. Funny thing is, I do it so often now the pain barely registers anymore, and the scabs are small and heal quickly.

I have had a few occasions there the hair was "welded" to the needle, and the hair came out (intact) stuck on the needle.

With microflash, you should still increase the power (up to 99%) before you increase the timing.